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Embelia ribes Burm. f. (Fam. Myrsinaceae) |
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 English Name |
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False pepper, False black pepper |
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Latin Name |
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Embelia ribes Burm. f. (Fam. Myrsinaceae) |
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Hindi Name |
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Vayavidanga, Bhabhiranga, Baberang |
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Sanskrit Name |
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Jantughna, Krmighna, Vella, Krmihara, Krmiripu |
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History |
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Susruta described the fruit as anthelmintic, alterative and tonic and recommended its use along with liqorice root for the purpose of strengthening the body and preventing the effects of aging. Notes on the drug under the names of Birang-I-kabuli and Biranj-I-kabuli were found in Arabian writing. Dr. Harris (Lancet, July 23, 1887) had directed attention to the value of this drug as a remedy for tapeworm. He stated that he had administered it for several years with good results to natives of India and Europe. |
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Habitat |
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It consists of dried mature fruits of Embelia ribes Burm. f. (Fam. Myrsinaceae), large scandent shrub with long slender, flexible branches, distributed throughout hilly parts of India upto 1600 m. |
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Morphology
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a) Macroscopic
Fruit brownish-black, globular 2-4 mm in diameter, warty surface with a beak like projection at apex, often short, thin pedicel and persistant calyx with usual1y 3 or 5 sepals present, pericarp brittle enclosing a single seed covered by a thin membrane, entire seed, reddish and covered with yellowish spots (chitra tandula), odour slightly aromatic, taste, astringent.
b) Microscopic
Transverse section of fruit shows epicarp consisting of single row of tabular cells of epidermis, usually obliterated, in surface view cells rounded with wrinkled cuticle, mesocarp consists of a number of layers of reddish-brown coloured cells and numerous fibrovascular bundles and rarely a few prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, inner part of mesocarp and endodennis composed of stone cells, endodermis consisting of single layered, thick-walled, large, palisade-like stone cells, seed coat composed of 2-3 layered reddish-brown coloured cells, endosperm cells irregular in shape, thick-walled, containing fixed oil and proteinous masses, embryo small when present otherwise most of the seeds sterile.
Powder-Reddish, under microscope shows reddish parenchyma and stone cells.
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Principal Constituents Pharmacology
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The plant contains embelin, quercitol, and fatty ingredients; an alkaloid, christembine, a resinoid, tannins and minute quantities of a volatile oil. Embelin occurs in golden yellow needles insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, chloroform and benzene. It is reported to be effective against tapeworm but not against roundworm or hookworm. Embelin dyes silk and wool from an alcoholic solution. The dark colored fatty oil is reported to be similar to linseed and rapeseed oil in its properties |
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Toxicology
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Aflatoxin B1(0.11 µg/g) is reported in the market samples of seeds. The samples should be properly checked for the presence of aflatoxin before being used for the preparation of drugs. Otherwise naturally occurring contamination may cause toxic effects |
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Indications
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The dried fruit is considered anthelmintic, astringent, carminative, alterative and stimulant. It has been used in India since ancient times as an anthelmintic. It is effective in the treatment of ascariasis. The dried fruits are used in decoctions for fevers and for diseases of the chest and skin. The fruit also shows anti-bacterial activity. |
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Clinical Test
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Clinical studies were conducted with the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the berries of E.ribes, obtained by percolation method, on 40 childern infected by ascarides. The alcoholic extract was found very effective in the treatment of 80 per cent of the cases while the aqueous extract cured 55 per cent cases, rendering the stools free from ova. The worms were expelled from the stools. No purging was required. No evidence of toxicity was observed during and after the treatment. There was a slight improvement in the hemoglobin percentage of the blood. |
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Product Related to
False pepper, False black pepper
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Herbal Slimming Capsules
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Retail Price :
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MRP
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$
17
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Discounted Price:
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$ 16
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$ 1
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