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Garcinia indica Choisy fam. Clusiaceae |
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 English Name |
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Wild mangosteen, Red Mangosteen |
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Latin Name |
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Garcinia indica Choisy fam. Clusiaceae |
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Hindi Name |
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Sanskrit Name |
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Atyamala, Raktapurak, Vrikshamla, Chukra, Tintidika |
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History |
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Garcinia, a large group of evergreen trees and shrubs native to Asia, southern Africa and Polynesia, belongs to the Guttiferae family. There are about 400 species of Garcinia growing in the tropics, of which about 24 species are found in the Indian peninsula.
In India, Garcinia cambogia and Garcinia indica are the most abundant species and are known locally as kokam and amsool. The delicious mangosteen fruit comes from Garcinia mangostana.
In the Malabar and Konkan coast of the Indian peninsula the fruit rind of Garcinia cambogia and Garcinia indica is used as a substitute for tamarind to impart flavour. Popularly known as Malabar tamarind, it is extensively used for culinary purposes, particularly in the preparation of fish curry. |
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Habitat |
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It is well spread in the evergreen tropical rain forests of Western Ghats from Konkan to Mysore, Heavy concentration is found in the coastal Ratnagiri district. Scattered plantations have also come up in Belgaum, North Canada and Kerala. Khasi and jantia hills of North Eastern Hill region, West Bengal and Assam, upto the height of 6000 ft. on slopes down upto coastal areas. In overseas areas it is quite predominent in East
Indies. |
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Morphology
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A slender evergreen tree with drooping branches, leaves ovate or oblong, lanceolate, 5.5 – 8.0 cm long and 2.5 – 3.00 cm broad, dark green in the upper portion and pale in lower portion. |
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Principal Constituents Pharmacology
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The major organic acid component that imparts the savoury taste to these fruits is hydroxycitric acid (HCA). This is a structural analogue of citric acid commonly found in citrus fruits such as oranges. |
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Toxicology
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Even though Garcinia has long been used in food preparation, there have been no known manifestations of any toxic symptoms associated with such use. Moreover, the published toxicological data indicate that HCA is 200 times safer than citric acid. |
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Indications
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Ayurvedic preparations made from Garcinia are used in the treatment of certain ailments:
- an extract of the fruit is used for rheumatic pains and bowel complaints;
- a sherbet made out of the rind is used for billiousness; and
- the leaves and fruits are used to treat ulcers, inflammation, haemorrhoids, diarrhoea and dysentery.
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Clinical Test
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Product Related to
Wild mangosteen, Red Mangosteen
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