Piper betle Linn. (Fam. Piperaceae),Betel Leaf,Tambuli,Pan

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You are here: Home > All Herbs > Piper betle Linn. (Fam. Piperaceae)

Betel Leaf

	History
	Habitat
	Morphology
	Principal Constituents
	Toxicology
	Indications
	Clinical Tests
	Related Products

English Name

Betel Leaf

Latin Name

Piper betle Linn. (Fam. Piperaceae)

Hindi Name

Pan

Sanskrit Name

Tambuli

Habitat

It consists of leaf of Piper betle Linn. (Fam. Piperaceae); a dioecious, perennial creeper, climbing by many short adventitious rootlets, widely cultivated in hotter and damper parts of the country.

Morphology

a) Macroscopic Leaf varies greatly in size, 7.5-20.0 cm, ovate cordate, entire, glabrous, apex acuminate to acute, lamina membranous, upper surface deep green and lower surface lighter in colour, primary or sub-primary nerves usually 7, sometimes 5-9; odour, aromatic; taste, stightly pungent. b) Microscopic Leaf - Petiole - Single layered epidermis composed of cubical to slightly tangentially elongated cells covered with thick, striated cuticle; epidermal cells elongate to form uni to bicellular, occasionally multicellular hairs; epidermis followed by a discontinuous collenchymatous zone in the form of arcs, and a multilayered parenchymatous zone; vascular bundles arranged in the arcs, phloem surrounds xylem; vascular bundles usually of two sizes larger ones 7 in number and smaller ones 2 in number. Midrib - Epidermis single layered, composed of colourless cubical cells, covered with wavy cuticle; epidermis followed by 2-3 layers of irregular colourless cells of hypodermis and a few layers of collenchyma, towards lower side collenchyma multilayered; vascular bundle shows phloem surrounding xylem; lower epidermis single layered and covered with wavy cuticle; some epidermal cells elongate to form uni to bicellular-occasionally multicellular hairs. Lamina - Shows dorsi ventral structure; epidermis single layered, tangentially elongated, covered with thick striated cuticle on both sides; hypodermis 2-3 layered; having chloroplasts, occasionally with secretory cells; mesophyll differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma; palisade single layered; spongy parenchyma 3-4 layered composed of irregularly round cells, a few secretory cells also present in this region; hairs a few uni to bicellular, occasionally multicellular, all being uniseriate present on both surfaces; stomata anisocytic palisade ratio not over 4; stomatal index 11-13; vein islet number 2-7. Powder - Greyish-green; shows polygonal epidermal cells in surface view, simple pitted vessels and a few uni to tricellular hairs, anisocytic type of stomata, palisade and spongy parenchyma cells and simple pitted vessel.

Principal Constituents Pharmacology

Essential Oil, Amino Acids, Vitamins and Enzymes

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