Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Fam. Zingiberaceae),Ginger,Katubhadra, Srngavera, Vishvabheshaja, Nagara,Adarakha, Sonth

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You are here: Home > All Herbs > Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Fam. Zingiberaceae)

Ginger

	History
	Habitat
	Morphology
	Principal Constituents
	Toxicology
	Indications
	Clinical Tests
	Related Products

English Name

Ginger

Latin Name

Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Fam. Zingiberaceae)

Hindi Name

Adarakha, Sonth

Sanskrit Name

Katubhadra, Srngavera, Vishvabheshaja, Nagara

History

Ginger was known in China as early as 400 B.C. The Greeks and the Romans thought it was of Arabian origin because it was sent from India through the Red Sea. They used it as a spice. It was introduced into Jamaica and other islands of the West Indies by the Spaniards and ginger was exported from the West Indies to Spain in considerable quantities around the year 1547 A.D.

Habitat

consists of fresh rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Fam. Zingiberaceae); a herbaceous rhizomatous perennial, reaching up to 90 cm in height, widely cultivated in India. Rhizomes are dug in January-February, buds and roots are removed and washed well.

Morphology

a) Macroscopic Drug occurs as entire rhizome or in pieces, rhizome laterally compressed bearing flattish ovate, oblique branches on upper side, each having a depressed scar at its apex, pieces 5-15 cm long, 1.5-6.5 cm wide (usually 3-4 cm) and 1-1.5 cm thick, fracture, short with projecting fibres, transversely cut surface shows a wide central stele having numerous greyish cut ends of fibres and yellow secreting cells; odour, gingery; taste, pungent b) Microscopic Rhizome - Shows a few layered, irregularly arranged, tangentially elongated, brown cells of outer cork and 6-12 rows of thin-walled, colourless, radially arranged cells of inner cork; secondary cortex consisting of hexagonal to polygonal, isodiametric, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells containing numerous circular to oval starch grains with striations and hilum at one end with clear concentric striations, measuring 5-25µ in dia., idioblasts containing large yellowish to brownish globules of oleo-resin; walls of oil cells suberised; numerous closed, conjoint, collateral, cortical fibro-vascular bundles scattered throughout cortical zone, greater number occurring in inner cortical region, larger bundles consists of 2- 7 vessels, small cells of sieve tube, polygonal cells of parenchyma and group of fibres; vessels showing reticulate, scalariforrn and spiral thickening; fibres septate with a few oblique pores on their walls; endodermis single layered, free from starch; pericycle single layered enclosing central stele; stele consisting of thin-walled polygonal, isodiametric cells of parenchyma, filled with abundant starch grains, oleo-resin cells similar to those present in cortex; fibrovascular bundles of two types, those arranged along pericycle in a definite ring are smaller in size and devoid of fibres, vessels 2-5 in number, larger bundles found scattered throughout stele, composed of xylem, phloem, parenchyma and sheath of sclerenchyma. Powder -Light yellow; shows thin-walled parenchymatous cells, septate fibres with oblique, elongated pits on their walls, reticulate and spiral vessels, oleo-resin cells abundent, single starch grains of varying shapes with eccentric hilum, measuring 5-25 µ in diameter.

Principal Constituents Pharmacology

Volatile Oil containing Cineole zingiberol, and sesquiterpene like zingiberene, bisobolene and sesqui phellandrene, gingerosol in the oleo-resin.

Indications

Ginger is valued in medicine as a carminative and stimulant to the gastro-intestinal tract. It is much in vogue as a household remedy for flatulence and colic. Ginger is reported to contain an anti-histaminic factor. It is included among anti-depressants and it forms an ingredient of some anti-narcotic preparations.

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