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Crocus sativus Linn. (Fam. Iridaceae) |
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 English Name |
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Latin Name |
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Crocus sativus Linn. (Fam. Iridaceae) |
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Hindi Name |
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Sanskrit Name |
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Kesara, Ghusina, Kasmira, Rakta |
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History |
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Habitat |
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It consists of dried style and stigma from the flowers of Crocus sativus Linn. (Fam. Iridaceae), a small bulbous perennial, 15 to 25 cm high and cultivated by corms in the Kashmir valley, specially in the Pampor plateau, at about 1600 m.
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Morphology
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a) Macroscopic
Yellowish style, broken or intact along with trifid stigma; stigma is dark red or reddish-brown, cornucopia shaped, with fimbriate margin, and about 25 mm long; broken style are very thin, upto about 10 mm ong; odour, strongly aromatic; taste, slightly bitter.
b) Microscopic
Stigma composed mostly of elongated, thin-walled, parenchyma cells containing colouring matter; at the upper end numerous cylindrical papillae or trichomes up to 150 microns long present; pollen grains, a few, spherical, nearly smooth, from 40 to 120 microns in dia; occasionally germinated and exhibiting pollen tubes.
Powder - Pale reddish-brown; aromatic, shows elongated, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells, unicellular trichomes, a few spherical, smooth, pollen grains measuring 40 to 120 µ in dia. and xylem vessels with annular and spiral thickenings. |
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Principal Constituents Pharmacology
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The glycosides, crocin and picrocrocin together with lycopene, ß-carotene, g-carotene, zeaxanthin and a crystalline hydrocarbon. The essential oil of saffron deposits, on standing, stearoptene, probably a tertiary alcohol. |
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Toxicology
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Saffron bulbs are toxic to young animals, and the stigmas in overdoses are narcotic. |
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Indications
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Saffron is credited with various medicinal properties. It is used as a nerve sedative and emmenagogue. It is used in fevers, melancholia and enlargement of the liver. It also has stimulant and stomachic properties and is considered to be a remedy for catarrhal affections of children. |
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Clinical Test
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